Artificial intelligence is often described as a software revolution, but at scale it becomes an infrastructure problem. Every serious AI system eventually resolves into racks, chips, cooling, steel, and electricity. As AI and high-performance computing infrastructure expands, the industry is discovering a hard truth: intelligence scales physically. Compute is not virtual — it is industrial. From Algorithms to Infrastructure AI / HPC infrastructure has moved beyond experimenta

There is a habit, common in fast-moving industries, of mistaking the most visible problem for the most important one. In artificial intelligence, that habit has taken the form of an obsession with chips. We speak of shortages, races, allocations, and breakthroughs, as if the future of AI were decided solely by silicon. It is not. Artificial intelligence does not ultimately run on chips. It runs on power, land, and permission. And those are in far shorter supply. A recent anal